Table of Contents
"Lazy Eye"
Plasticity of Mature
Synapses and Circuits
Synaptic Plasticity
in the Mature Brain
"Simple" Nervous System
Learning in Aplysia
Network for Sensitization in Aplysia
Electrophysiology of
Habituation and Sensitization
Mechanism of Enhanced Presynaptic Release of Neurotransmitter
Mechanism of Enhanced Presynaptic Release of Neurotransmitter
Aplysia - Axonal Arbors increase after Long-term Sensitization (days)
Genetic Component to Learning
Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction
Short-lasting plasticity at the NMJ
Synaptic Strength
Spatial Maze Learning in Rodents
Spatial Maze Learning in Rodents -
Hippocampal dependent learning
Hippocampal Anatomy and Circuits Involved in Synaptic Plasticity
Experimental Setup to Test for Synaptic Plasticity in Hippocampus
Example Postsynaptic Responses before and after tetanic Stimulation
Persistance and Input Specificity of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
Pairing presynaptic activation with postsynaptic depolarization through the recording electrode
is sufficient to induce LTP
Specificity of LTP
AMPA and NMDA receptors at Glutamatergic Hippocampal Synapses
With sufficient postsynaptic depolarization
Signal Transduction involved in the early stages of expression of LTP
NMDA receptor responsible for Associativity of LTP
Long-term depression at Hippocampal Synapses
Mechanisms whereby LTP/LTD modify existing synapses
Modify Receptor Composition of Synapses
NMDA - only synapses are functionally silent at rest
Silent synapse vs. functional synapse
LTP converts silent synapses to AMPA containing active synapses
Current Evidence suggests role for insertion and removal of AMPA receptors in LTD/LTP
New dendritic protrusions appear about 1 hour after LTP in the developing (but not mature) hippocampus, suggesting more synapses
Plasticity at Cerebellar Synapses
Causes LTD at the
Parallel Fiber synapse
Mechs of LTD at Cerebellar Parallel Fiber Synapse
Recent evidence that Cerebellar LTD involves endocytosis of AMPA Receptors
Effect of Pathological Activity
on Neural Circuits
Plasticity in the Adult Cerebral Cortex
Normal representation of the digits in somatosensory cortex of the Owl Monkey
Amputation of Digit 3
Repetitive Task
Activating Digits 2, 3, 4
Recovery from Nerve Damage occurs readily in the PNS
Recovery limited in CNS by
Providing the PNS environment for CNS Nerves met with scientific success
A few regenerating CNS axons from the Nerve Graft managed to form synapses in the Superior Colliculus
Neurogenesis in Adult Brain
Summary
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